Menopause is the last menstrual (monthly) period and is a natural part of every woman’s life. It means the end of a woman’s reproductive years, just as the first menstrual period, means the start. Most women reach menopause between the ages of 48 and 55.

Menopause symptoms can begin gradually over two to six years before the last menstrual period. This time is called perimenopause - from the time periods become irregular until the first year after that final period.

For more information see Perimenopause, Signs and symptoms, Your options and Your questions  

Early menopause

Early menopause, before the age of 40, is called 'premature' menopause. It may occur:

• Naturally when the ovaries have stopped working
• Surgically when a woman has her ovaries removed
• Chemically from chemotherapy / radiotherapy for cancer

Women who experience early menopause are at greater risk of osteoporosis and heart disease because of the long-term effects of low oestrogen levels. If you think you are experiencing early menopause it is important to talk to your doctor.

For more information see Early Menopause

Surgical menopause

Surgical menopause is when the ovaries are removed prior to natural menopause, (also known as oophorectomy). This causes a sudden and permanent drop of the ovarian hormones: oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The surgical procedure may include the removal of the uterus (womb), which is known as a hysterectomy.

Following a surgical menopause, symptoms may commence very quickly. Often the symptoms are intense unless treatment is initiated immediately after surgery.

About 10-20 per cent of women who have a hysterectomy, but retain their ovaries, may also experience menopause slightly earlier (between one and four years) than average.

Content updated June 19, 2008